Three types of vocal writing (shown without instrumental accompaniment): (a) Handel, aria “Fammi combattere” from Orlando (London, 1733); (b) Ottavio Valera, solo madrigal “Sfogava con le stelle” (from Francesco Rognoni, Selva de varii passaggi, 1620); (c) Lully, air “Sous les bords séparés,” from Armide (Paris, 1686)